Soil Air

Aeration of soil in the root zone, especially the oxygen (O2) content, is very much essential to improvements;

• The growth of roots
• Nutrient absorption
• Maintain a variety of microorganisms

Finally, resulting in achieving desired rice yield with higher quality. However, irrigation techniques with complete flooding of paddy plots will replace soil air with water, release O2 into the atmosphere, and maintain anaerobic soil conditions that adversely affect crop growth.